Cognition 101
- Intro to Psychology and NOBA
- Cognition
- Memory
- Cognitive biases and list thereof including memory biases
- Schemas including heuristics
- Memetics
- Outline of thought
- Cognitive neuroscience
Further Readings in Typology
The following have contributed to cognitive and/or type models. Note that these might model other facets of personality or non-personality. None of these are direct sources of CTPT, but some are indirectly. As key resources we recommend:
Jungian typology, 1921
- In Psychological Types, Jung described two general attitude-types “distinguished by the direction of general interest or libido movement” — extraverted vs introverted, as in orientated to the object/objective vs subject/subjective — and four special function-types “whose particularity […] plays the principal role in an individual’s adaptation or orientation to life” — thinking vs feeling, both rational or judging, and sensation vs intuitive, both irrational or perception-types.
MBTI, 1944 & Offshoot Schools
- Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers created the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator. With the first indicator handbook published in 1944 and the first manual in 1962, the MBTI developed as a mostly pulsive and affective, more behavioristic typology, significantly differing from its Jungian source. They expanded the type dynamics of orientations (attitudes) and mental processes (functions), creating 16 types with different dominant and auxiliary processes. Read more by the official provider, The Myers-Briggs Company or on MBTI Online, or at the The Myers & Briggs Foundation (now merged with CAPT, the Center for Applications of Psychological Type).
- 1978: David Keirsey published Please Understand Me with the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, sorting the “observable personality traits” of types into his temperaments.
- 1983: William Harold Grant, Magdala Thompson, and Thomas Clarke authored From Image to Likeness: A Jungian Path in the Gospel Journey with the now popular function stacking (e.g., ISFJ is Si>Fe>Ti>Ne).
- 1993: John Beebe presented the eight-function model.
- 2001: Linda Berens launched her interaction styles; her websites are Linda Berens, InterStrength, and Best-Fit Type.
- 2011: Dario Nardi published Neuroscience of Personality and researches type and neuroscience, found at Dario Nardi, Radiance House, and Keys 2 Cognition.
Socionics, 1970s-80s; & Offshoot Schools
- Socionics, read more on the Wikisocion Archive
Broader Community
The following have produced their own work while being less officially grouped or instituted. Attribution is sometimes unclear. Names proposed are “Pan-Jungian” or, as we say, dabbling in Franken-typology. Results may vary.
- Personality Hacker’s car model
- 2010s? ‘Objective’ Personality System (OPS) is a misnamed, pseudoscientific model purportedly “objectively” typing people using the scientific method and double-blinds (which in actual experimental design “blinds” both participants and researchers, such as to who is receiving the real treatment versus a placebo) due to them purporting consistent results between separated practitioners, which although better than nothing is not science and only confirms interpretive consistency about something, not what that something is. Now they are claiming that “the scientific community was right in categorizing personality typing as pseudoscience due to the unreliable nature of self-administered tests,” despite that not being the issue and self-administered tests being a recognized and qualified academic usage of the validated Big 5 and HEXACO, as seen here.
- 2019, Cognitive Personality Theory by Harry Murrell
- 2020, Motes and Beams: A Neo-Jungian Theory of Personality by Michael Pierce
- 2021, How to Type Yourself by C.S. Joseph of the infamous Type Grid and four sides of the mind
- Sakinorva
- TypeinMind by Beckett and Bre Hanan
- Personality Junkie by A.J. Drenth
- Psychology Junkie by Susan Storm
Typology Physiognomy ~2010s
Physiognomy includes the assessment of personality from expressions, features, and features resulting from expressions. It has a long, generally unvalidated or invalidated history, though it has some studies with potential validity as applied to Big 5 traits. Physiognomy has been recently applied to supposed cognitive typologies. There is some obscurity of documentation and references, including controversies of credits such as in taking from Socionics ideas, but these are ordered by which substantially/likely came first.
- Pod’Lair by Thomas Chenault; for a translation into readable English; which in their words has (had?) “unprecedented in scope of vision and power […] a degree and amount of irrefutable evidence that is unmatched. […] powerfully synesthetic mind of Thomas Chenault, who without academic degrees or professional training, is the undisputed authority […] demonstrated by the unprecedented feats he can perform on video or in person that other humans can’t.”
- 2016, CognitiveTypology, wiki, & Vultology by Juan Eduardo Sandoval (from Motus Project at physiognomy.me in response to Pod’Lair) and published by Nemvus Productions
- 2020, ‘Empirical’ Personality by Calypso Guo of Casual Cognition (formerly INTJ & INFP Coffee)
- Axis XII by Jason Fillion
- Physiotype
